Deliverables & Report
The target of this deliverable is to give the description of synthesis route and process parameters for the obtainment of core/shell structured NMC cathode powders. To optimize the morphological and compositional characteristics, three rounds of experiments have been conducted:
- individual synthesis of NMC90 core and NMC622 shell particles;
- synthesis of WO3-coated NMC90 particles;
- combined synthesis of NMC core/shell structures with and without WO3 layer.
SEM, EDX and XRD techniques have been employed to investigate the effect of heat treatment temperature and Li content and to study the structural relations within the core/shell particles. The electrochemical performance of as synthesized NMC core/shell structures with and without WO3 layer as cathode materials are evaluated using galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) in NEWARE battery tester by preparing CR2032 type half–coin cells.
This deliverable concludes the work carried out in task 6.1; it contains the requirements of the PHOENIX Battery Management System. This document ensures that:
- the sensor values can be accessed and that the self-healing set-points can be sent,
- BMS users can have access to the needed cell sensor data and develop the algorithms as required,
- the developed cells can easily be connected to the BMS.
The goal of this deliverable is to show how the developed BMS were tested and document the obtained results. The results of this deliverable ensure that the BMSs operate as expected and can be used by partners for subsequent work.
For this purpose, various tests are conducted: integration tests with partner electronic, data reading acquisition and comparison with reference equipment, self-healing triggering, etc. The obtained results are analysed. Based on the carried-out tests, the BMS are operational and can be used.
Communication and dissemination constitute the transversal outreach activities of the PHOENIX project. To maximise the uptake of scientific results generated by the project, different stakeholder groups are identified, and communication is tailored to fit each group in terms of channels, content and style. This document presents the Communication and Dissemination Plan and Strategy developed to promote the project, raise awareness on the research topic and increase the visibility of its outcomes. The document illustrates the dissemination goals, the overall dissemination approach and identifies the dissemination actions planned for the project duration; it is designed to be a practical framework for day-to-day communications activities, and it will be updated in accordance with the evolution of the project.
This document outlines the strategy for the exploitation of PHOENIX’s outcomes. It presents a clear roadmap aiming to maximize the project’s impact and commercial potential. The strategy encompasses key aspects, including a series of strategic activities and a structured methodology that will help to identify a detailed exploitation plan encompassing the project and the partners’ needs. The document outlines the main aspects that will be taken into consideration for the exploitation strategy, but the information is preliminary. It will be updated in accordance with the evolution and the needs of the project.
This document represents a comprehensive description of the project’s website structure, content, and digital identity elements. It will outline the architecture and layout of the web pages, detailing its various sections and functionalities and delve into the digital identity of the project.
Scientific Publications
Optimization of electrochemical performance of NMC cathode via adjacent synthesis and test protocols
In this work, the cathode powders having Ni-rich Core/Mnrich Shell have been synthesized via a cost efficient and easy controlled process that is built on a two-step co-precipitation method by optimization of process parameters under steady performance tests.
11th International Conference on Nanomaterials and Advanced Energy Storage Systems (mESC-IS), Mugla&Akyaka, Turkey (July 2023) – Partner: DLR – ENW
We have successfully integrated a strand of optical fiber inside a lithium-ion pouch cell as optical sensor. Then, an optical frequency-domain reflectometer is connected to the sensing fiber for distributed temperature monitoring inside the battery.
OPTICA, laser applications to chemical, security and environmental analysis (July 2024) Partner: CSEM
The investigations of the present work are done in the frame of PHOENIX project (Horizon Europe under the grant agreement No. 101103702) aiming to develop initially highly sensitive thin-layered metal oxide-based sensors for hydrogen detection and for integration inside the battery cell.
Battery2030+ Annual Conference (May 2024) – Partner: DLR
In the EU-funded project PHOENIX (grant agreement No. 101103702), with the purpose of scavenge of the abovementioned gases, the aim is to design and develop various metal organic frameworks (MOFs) integrated separators to be integrated in LIBs to minimize significant volume changes and electrode degradation during long cycles.
Battery2030+ Annual Conference (May 2024) – Partner: DLR
The first results of the synthesis of a magnetically triggerable self-healing polymer developed within the Phoenix project are presented
Battery2030+ Annual Conference (May 2024) – Partner: ENW – FHG
8th International Symposium on Materials for Energy Stoarge and Conversion (mESC-IS), Boku (October 2024) – Partner: DLR
Oral presentation about an overview of the PHOENIX project, along with some initial results about self healing polymer.
8th International Symposium on Materials for Energy Stoarge and Conversion (mESC-IS), Boku (October 2024) – Partner: ENW – FHG
99th DKG Annual Meeting Ceramics 2024 (CERAMICS 2024), Germany (September 2024) – Partner: DLR
Analysis of the philosophical foundation of futures studies and its implications for prospective LCA
In recent years, the subfield of prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) has emerged and continues to develop. As a result, it is expected that prospective LCA will become a critical tool to support decision-making processes, among others in the context of the PHOENIX project. Yet, the discipline’s philosophical foundations have not yet been clearly established, neither has its boundaries to other future-related academic disciplines, potentially leading to unclear scope definitions. This work aims to contribute to the clarification of fundamental assumptions within and behind prospective LCA. To this end, fundamental texts on theories of foresight and future studies are analysed and compared to state-of-the-art scientific articles on prospective LCA and scenario analysis. A preliminary examination reveals Gaston Berger’s distinction between studying the near future, which demands immediate action with minimal room for error, and the far future, where a greater tolerance for risk exists as adjustments to undesired outcomes remain feasible. Forecasting, relevant to the near future and foresight, applicable to the far future, require distinct methods that can be used in tandem. The poster explores how the distinction between forecasting and foresight can aid prospective LCA in delineating decision contexts and sheds light on the ongoing debates about uncertainty in the field. The subsequent phase of this research aims to bridge the gap between foresight and forecasting in practical application, namely, how to contextualize the outcomes of prospective LCA for the distant future within present-day decision-making. The framework will be applied in the PHOENIX project, exploring the potential future environmental impacts of smart batteries.
SETAC Europe 26th LCA Symposium, Gothenburg (October 2024) – Partner: VUB
In the EU-funded project PHOENIX (grant agreement No. 101103702), with the purpose of scavenge of the abovementioned gases, the aim is to design and develop various metal organic frameworks (MOFs) integrated separators to be integrated in LIBs to minimize significant volume changes and electrode degradation during long cycles.
Battery Innovation Days, Spain (November 2024) – Partner: DLR
This paper presents an optical fiber sensing technique for dynamic monitoring of temperature, strain, and acoustic vibrations. Based on amplified spontaneous Brillouin scattering, it achieves kHz-level interrogation rates using time-division fast Fourier transform on a down-converted Brillouin signal. Unlike classical Brillouin sensors, it enables pointwise monitoring through mutual interference between amplified spontaneous Brillouin scattering and a local optical oscillator. A microwave frequency divider scales down the ∼10 GHz beating frequency to ~100 MHz, allowing the use of low-frequency electronics. The method eliminates optical frequency scanning and avoids specialized fiber treatments. Sensitivity can be adjusted by modifying fiber length or Fourier transform windows. Experimental results demonstrate dynamic sensing at a 1 kHz refresh rate over 78 m, with a frequency uncertainty of 0.66 kHz, corresponding to 59 mK temperature and 1.6 με strain resolution. This cost-effective approach offers high adaptability for various applications.
IEEE Sensors Journal (March 2025) – Partner: CSEM
Press releases
Products & Press kit
- Download the full-colour PHOENIX logo
- Download the black PHOENIX logo
- Download the white PHOENIX logo
Take a look at the PHOENIX brochure
Take a look at the PHOENIX flyer
Take a look at the PHOENIX roll-up
Take a look at the PHOENIX poster
Take a look at the PHOENIX slide deck.
